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Ethan Zuckerman, a senior researcher at the Berkman Centre "Internet and Society" of the Law Department at Harvard and founder of the non-commercial organization "Geekcorps" and hosting company "Tripod", notes that it is often very difficult, and at times even impossible to define, who has organizes a hacker's attack - the government, amateurs upon a govt's sanction, or certain hostile persons. Therefore, one should be properly ready in advance how to counteract them.

Tomorrow, on April 24, Kalmykia will hold a civil protest action against xenophobia and fascism in the context of the murder in Russian capital at night on April 21 of Dolgan Nikeev, a student of the Moscow State Open University.

At their session on April 22, the MPs of Karachai-Circassia passed in the final reading the law "On Measures to Prevent Neglect of and Offences by Minors in the Karachai-Circassian Republic", which restricts minors' stay in public places.

The International Secretariat of the World Organization Against Torture (WOAT) has addressed Russian leadership with a request to interfere with the situation with Albert Saaev, who was convicted in Moscow for hacking the official websites of Chechnya, Dagestan and Ingushetia, and was taken away to Grozny.

In the opinion of Susanna Dudieva, head of the "Beslan Mothers" Association of Terror Act Victims, the investigation of the terror act in Beslan was deliberately "braked" and will be further protracted. Discontent with the course of investigation was also voiced by Ella Kesaeva, leader of the All-Russian Public Organization "Voice of Beslan". Alexander Khalin, head of the investigatory group, does not agree with them.

In Ingushetia, Ms Bokova, F. M., a resident of Karabulak accuses power agents of kidnapping on April 21 of her son Bokov, Khizar Batredinovich, born in 1986, right from their house. The woman has addressed human rights entities and organizations asking to help in searching her son.

As reported today to the "Caucasian Knot" correspondent by Svetlana Isaeva, head of the NGO "Mothers of Dagestan for Human Rights", Gyulnara Rustamova, one of the activists of the NGO, has left it aiming to create a new human rights entity.

Remains of two residents of Chechnya captured by Russian militaries in the course of "zachistka" (cleanup operation) in spring 2002 were found in the Shali District. The Prosecutor's Office of Chechnya has restarted the criminal case, which was suspended several years ago because of non-establishment of the persons involved in this crime.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) of Russia has again rejected the entry visa to Dalai Lama XIV, spiritual leader of Buddhists. This was reported by Shadzhin Lama (Supreme Lama) of Kalmykia Talo Tulku Rinpoche at his regular quarterly press conference for republic's mass media. Buddhists had earlier stated that they would perceive such refusal as violation of their rights.

In the city of Budyonnovsk, Stavropol Territory, the worship building of the local community of Jehovah's Witnesses was set on fire. Examination has established that it was arson; besides, traces were detected of numerous previous attempts to burn the building down. The "Caucasian Knot" correspondent was informed about it by Grigory Martynov, representative of the press service of the Administrative Centre of Jehovah's Witnesses in Russia.

Issues of improving the efficiency of and supporting the recently organized Russian system of public control over detention places were discussed on April 21 in Moscow at the international conference on defence of prisoners' rights.

On April 21, the members of the initiative group "Electrozink. Do we breathe?" in the website "Odnoklassniki.Ru" conducted a picket in the city of Essentuki with the aim to draw attention of the public and power bodies of the Russian Federation to the problem of poisoning of residents of Northern Caucasus with emissions of the "Electrozink" Factory, operating in North Ossetia.

Today, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has found Russia guilty of disappearance of three residents of Chechnya - Sultan Khatuev, Louisa Mutaeva and Vakhit Dzhabrailov - in 2003-2004, while the inquiry into these disappearances was found inefficient.

On April 21, Georgi Tugushi, People's Defender of Georgia (Ombudsman), presented to the parliament his report for the second half of 2009. Most human rights organizations gave positive estimates to the Ombudsman's report having noted, however, that formulations of the recommendation part could have been tougher.

On April 21, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) announced its decision on the complaint of Einullah Fatullaev, editor-in-chief of the "Real Azerbaijan" newspaper, convicted in Azerbaijan, and found illegitimate all the verdicts of the Azerbaijani courts, which had imprisoned the journalist. The Azerbaijani authorities plan to challenge the decision at the High Board of the Strasbourg Court.

On April 21, the press centre of the RIA of "Novosti" held a TV space bridge "Moscow-Yerevan" dated to the 95th anniversary of Armenians' genocide in the Ottoman Turkey. The main debated topic was in the reasons why the modern Turkey refuses to recognize the fact of genocide.

The today's session of the Baku Appeal Court under chairmanship of Abid Abdinbekov on the case "MIA of Azerbaijan versus Eyub Kerimov, editor-in-chief of the 'Femida-007' newspaper" lasted just for a couple of minutes. The reason was the intention of the respondent to lodge a cassation complaint against rejection by the Baku Appeal Court of his petitions put forward at the preparatory session and asking to return the case to the first instance court for running a repeated investigation.

The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has found the complaint of Maria Fanzieva, 65, a resident of Nalchik, eligible for consideration. The response of the Court addressed to her reports that "the complaint fits to be considered both for the eligibility and circumstances of the case on the merits at the same time in conformity with Article 29, paragraph 3 of the Convention."

Judge of the Supreme Court of Dagestan Baimurza Gadjiev has rejected the complaint lodged by Khaibula Khaibulayev, a resident of Karat village, Akhvakh District of Dagestan, against the actions of the magistrate and federal judges of the Botlikh District, who had fined him.

One of the bombs triggered yesterday, on April 20, in the evening in the capital of Dagestan, blew up under a BMW car, when Mirza, son of Colonel of Dagestan FSB Kamil Etinbekov, assassinated in 2004, was trying to get in.